Question 1: What is the Template Method pattern in software design?

问题 1：什么是软件设计中的模板方法模式？

Answer:
The Template Method pattern is a behavioral design pattern that defines the skeleton of an algorithm in a method, allowing subclasses to redefine certain steps without changing the overall algorithm’s structure.

[ 翻译 ]：
模板方法模式是一种行为型设计模式，它定义了一个算法的骨架，允许子类重新定义某些步骤，而不改变整个算法的结构。

1. It allows a parent class to define the structure of an operation, while letting child classes implement specific details of that operation.

   [ 翻译 ]：
   它允许父类定义操作的结构，而子类可以实现该操作的具体细节。

2. This pattern is useful when different implementations of an algorithm share the same basic structure but vary in specific steps.

   [ 翻译 ]：
   当不同的算法实现共享相同的基本结构但在具体步骤上有所不同时，该模式非常有用。

3. The Template Method pattern promotes code reuse by placing the shared logic in the superclass while allowing subclasses to customize certain parts.

   [ 翻译 ]：
   模板方法模式通过将共享逻辑放在超类中，同时允许子类定制某些部分，促进了代码重用。

Question 2: What are the key components of the Template Method pattern?

问题 2：模板方法模式的关键组成部分是什么？

Answer:
The key components of the Template Method pattern include the abstract class (template) and the concrete subclasses.

[ 翻译 ]：
模板方法模式的关键组成部分包括抽象类（模板）和具体子类。

1. Abstract Class (Template): This class defines the template method, which outlines the steps of the algorithm. Some of the steps may be implemented in the abstract class, while others are left as abstract methods to be implemented by subclasses.

   [ 翻译 ]：
   抽象类（模板）：该类定义了模板方法，该方法概述了算法的步骤。一些步骤可以在抽象类中实现，而其他步骤作为抽象方法留给子类实现。

2. Concrete Subclasses: These subclasses implement the abstract methods defined in the template class, providing specific behavior for the steps that vary between different implementations.

   [ 翻译 ]：
   具体子类：这些子类实现了模板类中定义的抽象方法，为不同实现中变化的步骤提供具体行为。

3. Template Method: This is the core method in the abstract class that defines the algorithm’s structure. It calls the necessary steps, some of which are implemented by subclasses.

   [ 翻译 ]：
   模板方法：这是抽象类中的核心方法，定义了算法的结构。它调用必要的步骤，其中一些步骤由子类实现。

Question 3: What are the advantages and disadvantages of the Template Method pattern?

问题 3：模板方法模式的优点和缺点是什么？

Answer:
The Template Method pattern has several advantages, but it also has a few disadvantages.

[ 翻译 ]：
模板方法模式有多个优点，但也有一些缺点。

1. Advantages: It promotes code reuse by centralizing the shared steps of an algorithm in the parent class, reducing duplication. It also enforces a consistent structure for the algorithm, ensuring that certain steps follow a prescribed order across different implementations.

   [ 翻译 ]：
   优点：它通过将算法的共享步骤集中在父类中，减少了代码重复，促进了代码重用。它还强制为算法提供一致的结构，确保不同实现中的某些步骤遵循预定顺序。

2. It allows for easy customization of specific steps by subclassing, offering flexibility while maintaining a common structure.

   [ 翻译 ]：
   它允许通过子类化轻松定制具体步骤，在保持通用结构的同时提供灵活性。

3. Disadvantages: The pattern can lead to a rigid structure, making it harder to deviate from the predefined algorithm. It may also increase complexity when the template method becomes too complex, as all subclasses must follow its structure.

   [ 翻译 ]：
   缺点：该模式可能导致结构僵化，使得很难偏离预定义的算法。当模板方法变得过于复杂时，它可能会增加复杂性，因为所有子类必须遵循其结构。